What is Non-Performing Asset (NPA) in Indian banking?

Non-Performing Asset (NPA):

• Definition: Loan or advance where principal or interest payment remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days.
• Categories: Sub-standard (NPA ≤12 months), Doubtful (NPA >12 months), and Loss Asset.
• Resolution Mechanisms: IBC (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016), SARFAESI Act 2002, Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs), and Bad Bank (NARCL).